PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS INSTRUMENT RATING EBOOK

FAA S 8081 4E - Practical Test Standards Instrument Rating for Airplane, Helicopter, and Powered Lift.

Practical Test Standards are a guide for students, instructors, and FAA-designated examiners to know what is expected of pilots in a checkride.

Every PTS is written by the FAA and details the type and levels of skill and knowledge that must be demonstrated before an examiner can issue a certificate or rating to an applicant, and describes background study and reference materials.