CYCLIC & COLLECTIVE: MORE ART & SCIENCE OF FLYING HELICOPTERS E-BOOK

Contents

• TABLE OF CONTENTS:
• Some Fundamentals
• Math and Physics Revisited
• Newton’s Laws
• Vectors, Resultants and Resolving
• Balance of Forces
• Mass, Force, Energy and Work
• Graphs and Such
• Putting Together the Basics
• Introduction to Helicopter
• Aerodynamics
• More Discussion of Lift
• The Rotor Blade
• Axes of the Blades
• How Lift Gets to the Hub
• Drag on the Whole Blade
• Blade Flapping
• More Basics of the Helicopter
• Generic Helicopter
• The Whole Rotor
• Relative Airflow and Disk
• Cyclical Change of Pitch
• Total Lift from the Disk
• Total Drag on the Disk
• Keeping the Blades Clean
• Flapback or Blowback
• Rotor Heads and Components
• Control of the Rotor
• Tail Rotors
• Air, Wind, and Weather
• International Standard Atmosphere
• Wrong Information
• Wind!
• Weather
• Basic Helicopter Performance
• Airframe Performance Defined
• Hover performance
• Out of Ground Effect (OGE)
• Power Required vs. Density Altitude
• Forward Flight Performance
• Low Airspeed Power Required
• Climb and Descent Performance
• V Airspeeds
• Load Factors
• Balance and Weight
• Center of Gravity
• Balance
• Weight and CG Diagram
• Longitudinal CG
• Lateral CG
• Vertical CG
• Balance of Forces in the Hover
• Trim
• The Aerodynamics of Autorotation
• Autorotation Defined
• Lift Vectors Again
• Effect of Forward Flight
• Instruments and Warning Systems
• Airframe Instruments
• Sideslip and Side Force
• Engine Transmission and Rotor Instruments
• The Piston Engine
• Principles of Operation
• Basics of Carburation
• Piston Engine Helicopter Instruments
• Starting
• Clutches
• Free–Wheel Units
• Piston–Engine Helicopter Power Control
• Measuring Piston Engine Helicopter Power
• Carburetor Icing
• Mixture Control
• Throttle Handling
• Over-Pitching
• Throttle Co–relators
• Fuel Injection
• Piston Engine Governors
• Turbochargers
• Other Components of the Engine
• Operation of the Piston Engine
• Before You Strap In…
• Prior to Lift-off
• Holding the Controls
• Effects of Controls
• Downwash
• Hand Signals
• Helicopter Flying - The Basics
• Effects of Controls in Forward Flight
• Attitude Flying
• Changing Airspeed in Level Flight
• Climbs and Descents
• Turns
• Developing a ‘Seat of the Pants’ Sense
• The Divine Art of Hovering
• Concepts of Hovering
• NR Control
• Partial Control Technique
• Specific Exercises for Learning Hovering
• Moving Around
• Hovering with Different References
• Turns in the Hover
• Taxing to the Side or Rear
• Ground Taxing Skid Helicopters
• Twixt Heaven and Earth,
• Transitions to Forward Flight
• Running Takeoff
• “Maximum Performance Climbout”
• Downwind Transition
• Turns After Transition
• Approach and Touchdowns
• Transition Back to the Hover
• Learning to Judge…
• ‘Normal’ Approach
• Fast Approaches
• Steep Approach
• The No-Hover Touch Down
• Downwind Approach to the Hover
• Approaches with Turns
• Running Landing
• Traffic Patterns or Circuits
• Lift-off and Touchdown
• Touching Down From The Hover
• Sloping Surfaces
• Introducing Emergencies
• Emergencies - General
• Critical Emergencies
• What Emergencies Can Happen
• Engine Failures for Beginners
• Collective Check - Why It Works
• Power Recovery Autorotations
• Autorotative Performance
• The Height-Velocity Curve
• Peculiarities of the Helicopter
• Loss of Translational Lift
• Vortex Ring State
• Rollover
• Retreating Blade Stall
• Blade Sailing
• Flight Manuals, Rules and Regulations
• The Civilian Flight Manual
• Philosophical Words about the Civilian FM
• Reasons for Rules
• Side Wind, Sideward Flight
• The Military Flight Manual
• Visual Flight Rules (VFR)
• For the Professional Helicopter Pilot
• Make a Decision
• Concepts of Controls
• Looking Outside
• Checklists
• Questions and Tests
• Advanced Helicopter Aerodynamics
• Airfoils
• Blade and Segment Aerodynamics
• Pitching Moments
• Blades
• Disk Aerodynamics
• Tail Rotors
• Flight Controls and Rotor Heads
• Rotor Heads
• Disk Axes
• Hinges
• New Rotor Heads
• The Teetering Rotor Head
• Hiller Control System
• Robinson R-22 and R-44 Hub
• MD Series Rotor Head
• Height of Hub Above the CG
• Advanced Performance
• Factors Affecting Performance
• Induced Velocity
• Typical Civil FM Performance chart
• Peculiarities of Low Airspeed IGE
• Range
• Endurance
• Climb and Descent Performance
• Whizz Wheels
• Rules of Thumb
• Other Components
• Fuel Systems
• Transmissions and Drive Shafts
• HUMS
• Electrical Systems
• Hydraulic Systems
• De-Ice / Anti-Ice systems
• Landing Gear
• Floats
• Fire Detection and Suppression
• Heating and Ventilation
• Compasses
• Windshield Wipers
• Advanced Helicopter Flying
• So How Do We Fly a Helicopter?
• Flying a Helicopter – Hovering
• Why are Helicopters Difficult to Fly?
• Control Forces
• Low Airspeed Systems
• Miscellaneous Instruments
• the Digital Era
• The Turbine Engine
• Typical Free Turbine Engine
• Ratings and Limitations of Engines
• Density Altitude vs. Pressure Altitude and OAT
• Governing systems
• Electronic Fuel Controls
• Turbine Engine Power Monitoring
• Automatic Relight vs. Manual Air Starts
• Engine–Related Items
• Turbine Engine Cool-Down
• Fixed Shaft Turbine Engines
• Advanced Engine Failures
• Autorotations
• Energy and Autorotations
• Intervention Delay Time
• Height Velocity (HV) Curves
• Advanced Emergencies
• Tail Rotor Problems
• Fires
• When to Inflate Pop-out Floats
• Emergencies Caused by Vibrations and Noise
• Multi-Engine Helicopters
• OEI Performance
• Engine Failures in Multi-Engine Helicopters
• Category A or Category B?
• Heliport Takeoff Techniques
• Stability and Control of the Helicopter
• Weight and Balance
• Inherent Sideslip
• Keel Area Ratio
• Fixed Floats Effect
• Equations of Motion
• Control Margin / Limitations
• Solving Aerodynamic Problems
• Further Peculiarities
• Vibrations
• Ground Resonance
• Tail Rotor Control
• Rapid Rolling
• Underslung Loads
• High Altitude Flying
• Icing
• Snow
• Flying in Your Own Dust
• Mast Bumping
• Other Helicopter Types
• Tip Jets
• Kaman Servo–Flap Controls
• Replacing the Tail Rotor
• NOTAR
• Night and Instrument Flying
• Instrument Flying
• Autorotations at Night, in Clouds, etc.
• Instrument Flying Rules (IFR)
• Automatic Flight Control
• Definitions
• Types of AFCS
• Automatic Trim Systems
• AFCS ‘Upper’ Modes
• Hover and Low Speed
• Autopilots
• Failures of the AFCS
• Miscellaneous Musings
• Type Ratings
• Minimum Equipment Lists (MEL)
• Using GPS Intelligently
• Torque Limiters
• Health, etc.
• Personal Equipment
• The Helicopter is Not a Winch or Bulldozer
• Simulators
• Learning to Say No